indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
rapid-service train; rapid train
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
stopping (of a train, car, etc.); stop
still; yet; more; still more; as ...; like ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix
haste; hurry; expedition; speed; dispatch
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
number one; first; best; most; game; round
line; stripe; line (e.g. telephone line); wire; ray (e.g. X-ray); beam; line (e.g. of a railroad)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
even a little; any at all; if only a little; no matter how little
to fit into (a box, frame, category, etc.); to be contained within; to settle down (into); to be installed (in one's rightful place); to settle into (one's position); to take up (a post)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
sometime; someday; one day; some time or other; the other day; in due course
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is it?; isn't it?; be; is
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on