indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
pongee; soft thin cloth woven from raw silk
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
child (esp. a boy); viscount; founder of a school of thought (esp. Confucius); master; masters and philosophers (categorization of Chinese classical literature); (arch.) you; -er (i.e. man who spends all his time doing...)
strange; unconventional; eccentric; odd; odd number
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
-ian (e.g. Italian); -ite (e.g. Tokyoite); -er (e.g. performer, etc.); person working with ...; man; person
chance; opportunity; machine; aircraft; counter for aircraft; counter for (remaining) lives
party; group; crew; company (of troops); corps; unit
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
group; bunch; crowd; group
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
development; evolution; expansion; spreading out; expansion (of an algebraic expression); development (of a three-dimensional shape)
substance; real form; main part; main unit; this machine; this appliance; object of worship (at a shrine, temple, etc.)
agglutination; adhesion; fusion; combination; blending; uniting
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
comprehension; consent; understanding; OK; roger (on two-way radio)
form; shape; state; condition; letter; correspondence
structure; construction; makeup; framework; organization; pattern
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
all; whole; entire; complete (set); in total
battle formation; disposition of troops
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
each; (arch.) you (plural)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to