if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
in; on; at (place); as for; regarding
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
impeachment; denunciation; accusation; censure
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
next term; next period; next version; next release
representative; representation; delegation; switchboard number; main number
to work (for); to be employed (at); to serve (as); to act (as); to conduct a religious service
clone; kroon (former currency of Estonia)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
since when; from when; how long
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
bang; bam; noontime signal gun (carried out early Meiji to Taishō); noon gun; last round in a game of 12 rounds; precisely
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
trouble (I have put you through); (your) hard work; thank you for your hard work; I appreciate your efforts
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to turn towards; to point
knowledge; awareness; consent; acceptance; forgiving; pardoning
general public; the masses
gō; traditional unit of volume, approx. 0.1804 litres; gō; traditional unit of area, approx 0.33 metres square; one-tenth of the way from the base to the summit of a mountain; conjunction; sum
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
getting closer; drawing nearer; being not much different; being near (age, skill, etc.); becoming close (i.e. friendly); becoming intimate
while; even though; despite
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
prefix for forming ordinal numbers