indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
rock (in rock-paper-scissors); stone; ungh; gulp; rumbling (of an empty stomach); growling
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
spirits of war dead; person of great ability; soul of a talented person
waterway; channel; wake (of a ship)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
Satan; the Devil; the Prince of Darkness; king of the demons who try to prevent people from doing good
we; us; (arch.) I; (arch.) me; (arch.) you (referring to a group of one's equals or inferiors)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!