indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
immovable; motionless; firm; Acala (Wisdom King); Fudō; fierce Buddhist deity
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
passing (a test, examination, etc.); pass (for admission, transport, etc.); ticket; pass (of a ball); (giving something a) pass; skipping (one's turn)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
ball; ball (pitch that falls outside of the strike zone); bowl; board (cardboard, pasteboard, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
play; recreation; play (theatre); performance; staging; praying
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
now; the present time; just now; another; more
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately