indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
adds force or indicates command
divine spirit; spirit of the dead
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
victory; triumph; conquest; success; win
shooting (a ball); shot (on basket, at goal, etc.); shoot (of a tree or plant); chute; shuuto; shootball
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
ball; ball (pitch that falls outside of the strike zone); bowl; board (cardboard, pasteboard, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
goal; basket (basketball); finishing line; Gaul
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
to smash; to crush; to shut down; to put out of business; to wreck; to break; to butcher
goalkeeper; keeper; goalie
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
execution (e.g. of a plan); carrying out; practice; action; implementation; fulfillment