indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
adds force or indicates command
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
representative; representation; delegation; switchboard number; main number
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
Japanese representative; Japanese delegate; Japanese delegation
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
goal; basket (basketball); finishing line; Gaul
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
match; game; bout; contest
supervision; control; superintendence; director; superintendent; supervisor
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff