indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
adds force or indicates command
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
killer technique; surefire assassination method; special or lethal move, usu. one unique to a certain fighter or fighting style
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
grandfather (may be used after name as honorific); male senior-citizen (may be used after name as honorific)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
wild; growing wild; living in the wild; (arch.) I
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see