indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be surprised; to be astonished
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
the same night; that night
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
incredible; unbelievable; terrific; impressive
to decorate; to prettify; to attach a decorative sticker, cover, bauble, etc. to a cell phone, notebook, slippers, etc.
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to draw; to paint; to depict; to describe; to picture in one's mind; to imagine
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
exercise machine; strength training machine; gym equipment (machine)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
tanuki (Nyctereutes procyonoides); raccoon dog; sly dog; sly old fox; sly fox
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
practice; training; drill; (an) exercise; workout
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
science (inc. mathematics, medicine, etc.); natural science; science department (university); science course; science (as a school subject)
very; extremely; excessively
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
victory or defeat; match; contest; game
secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings
commonplace; ordinary; typical; ubiquitous; run-of-the-mill; mundane
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
(not so) much; (not) very