indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
technique; art; skill; move
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
match; game; bout; contest
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to hit; to strike; to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.); to move; to impress
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
shooting (a ball); shot (on basket, at goal, etc.); shoot (of a tree or plant); chute; shuuto; shootball
number; edition; sobriquet; pen-name; size (of printing types, canvases, knitting needles, etc.); suffix attached to names of ships, trains, airplanes, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
ball; ball (pitch that falls outside of the strike zone); bowl; board (cardboard, pasteboard, etc.)
prohibition; interdiction; forbidden; prohibited
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish