again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
imagination; supposition; guess
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
low (rank, degree, value, content, quality, etc.); low (position); close to the ground; short (height); deep (voice); in a low key
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
two times; twice; two degrees
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be defeated; to be beaten; to be unsuccessful; to lose
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
space alien; alien; extraterrestrial being
trivial; not amounting to much
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
oh; ho; exclamation of surprise, admiration, etc.; hoo (owl call); toot (sound of a flute)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
three times; thrice; third (musical interval); many times; over and over again
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
ground; earth; the solid earth; the (vast) land