state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
favourable; favorable; doing well; OK; all right
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
whereabouts; place; location; place where one belongs; where one fits in; place where one can be oneself
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to determine (esp. a culprit or underlying cause); to pin down; to ascertain; (arch.) to stab to death
oh; ho; exclamation of surprise, admiration, etc.; hoo (owl call); toot (sound of a flute)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
representative; representation; delegation; switchboard number; main number
opposite; opposition; versus; vs.; to (e.g. "winning a game five to three"); equal footing
Japanese representative; Japanese delegate; Japanese delegation
match; game; bout; contest
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to mince; to cut fine; to carve; to engrave; to tick away (time); to beat out (e.g. rhythm); to etch (into one's mind)
will; probably; may; I think; surely; I hope
fierce battle; hard-fought battle; hot contest; severe fight
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
excitement; stimulation; agitation; arousal
lingering (usu. feeling, emotion, etc.); continuing (to); still (...)
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
from now; from the present moment; from this time forward; henceforth
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question