indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
discovery; detection; finding
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
field battle; field operations; open battle; battlefield; battlefront
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
almost; roughly; approximately
unhurt; uninjured; flawless (e.g. gem); unblemished; spotless (e.g. reputation); faultless (e.g. performance)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
maximum preference; maximum priority; priority handling
transportation; conveyance; delivery; hospitalization; transfer to hospital
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
princess; daughter of a nobleman
what is called; as it is called; the so-called; known as; so to speak
reason; principle; general principle (as opposed to individual concrete phenomenon); (in neo-Confucianism) the underlying principles of the cosmos
to build up; to establish; to form; to become (a state); to accomplish; to achieve; to change into
work; business; company; study
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
unthinkable; unexpected; absolutely not!; far from it!; (it was) no bother at all; not at all
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to think of; to hit upon; to come into one's mind; to remember; to recall
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
again; once more; a second time
time; hour; period; class
to jump over; to clear; to walk over (someone)
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
will; probably; may; I think; surely; I hope
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
whole (body); full-length (e.g. portrait); systemic