with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
honorific/polite/humble prefix
particularly; especially; indicates the number of horses or oxen drawing a carriage; indicates the number of oars on a boat; indicates the number of movies, plays, etc. comprising a single program; indicates the number of items or methods used
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
air hole; windhole; ventilator
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
memento (esp. of a deceased person); keepsake; heirloom; remembrance; souvenir
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to rot; to go bad; to corrode; to weather; to become useless; to blunt; to become depraved
flesh; meat; flesh (of a fruit); pulp; the physical body (as opposed to the spirit); flesh; thickness
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
muddy water; red-light district
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
narrow; confined; small; limited; narrow-minded; confining
opportunity; chance; folding; fold; small food box (wooden or cardboard); folding in ... (two, three, etc.); counter for folded items
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to joke; to jest; to make fun of; to laugh at; to romp; to gambol
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only