indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
new student; freshman; first-year student
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
serious; not joking; straight; (arch.) cannot; (arch.) should not; (arch.) will not
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
to go; to come; to lose; to be defeated; to be stumped (by); to be at a loss; to visit (a shrine, grave, etc.)
television; TV; TV program; TV programme; TV broadcast
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
mom; mommy; mum; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to get angry; to get mad; to lose one's temper; to scold; to tell (someone) off
come (on); come now; all right; right; well; hmm
to wear (from the shoulders down); to put on; to take (the blame, responsibility); to bear
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
slovenly (appearance, work, etc.); sloppy; untidy; weak; feeble; weak-willed
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to tie; to fasten; to wear (necktie, belt); to put on; to total; to sum; to be strict with
really; truly; indeed; good grief
lately; recently; nowadays; terribly; awfully; extremely
pupil; student; schoolchild
rough; casual (clothing); rough; rough (sketch); draft
(one's) figure; build; physique; style
shape; form; appearance; style; state; situation
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
dot; spot; mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; point (in a game); score; point
closing (properly); shutting; firmness; tightness; carefulness (with money); economy
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress