Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
grandmother; old woman; female senior citizen
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
mistake; error; accident; mishap; improper conduct (e.g. between man and woman); indiscretion
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
honorific/polite/humble prefix
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
I'm afraid to say; I'm sorry to say; unfortunately
bring-your-own (e.g. food and drink); carry-on (e.g. luggage)
prohibition; inhibition; ban
a long time (since the last time); first in a long time
returning home; visiting one's parents; new bride's first visit to parents
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
quite; very; 10^48; quindecillion
nature; natural; spontaneous; naturally; spontaneously
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to learn; to acquire knowledge; to carry; to wear (clothes, etc.); to put on
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to