this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
all; entire; whole; altogether
book; volume; this; present; main; head
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to smell; to smell of; to have a smell
flavoring; flavouring; fragrance; perfume; condolence gift
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to sprinkle over (e.g. salt, pepper, etc. on food)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
sweet-tasting; sweet; fragrant (smelling); sweet (music); lightly salted; light in salt; naive
aroma; fragrance; scent; smell
to garnish; to accompany (as a card does a gift); to add to as support; to prop up; to accompany (as an aid, guide, translator, etc.); (arch.) to mimic
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
how (beautiful, etc.); what a ...; nothing worth mentioning; nothing special; of what name
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
load; heavy burden; encumbrance; heavy freight; heavy responsibility
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after
to be handed down; to be introduced; to be transmitted; to be circulated; to go along; to walk along
fondly; admiringly; with fascination; with adoration; with enchantment
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
reading in a monotone; reading a Chinese classical text without translating it into Japanese
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
name; given name; first name
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo