indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
squirrel's foot fern (Davallia mariesii); Lepisorus thunbergianus (species of fern); color of clothing layers under one's overcoat (light green on blue); ancient women's hairstyle; clothing patterned using squirrel's foot fern
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
in that way; thus; so; so?
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah