indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
kitchen knife; carving knife; (arch.) cooking; (arch.) food
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
sea bream (Sparidae); porgy; tai (species of reddish-brown Pacific sea bream, Pagrus major)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
body; oneself; one's place; one's position; main part; meat (as opposed to bone, skin, etc.)
cooking; cookery; cuisine; dealing with something; handling; administration
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
flavor; flavour; charm; appeal; experience; taste (e.g. of victory)
you; Mr; Mister; older brother; elder brother
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
adds force or indicates command
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
victory or defeat; match; contest; game
technology; engineering; technique; skill; art; craft
edge (of a knife or sword); prong (of an electrical plug)
red sea bream (Pagrus major); Japanese sea bream; red tai; porgy
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
ice; shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
now; the present time; just now; another; more
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest