indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
shumai; shaomai; steamed meat dumpling (Chinese-style)
you; Mr; Mister; older brother; elder brother
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
adds force or indicates command
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
cooking; cookery; cuisine; dealing with something; handling; administration
teacher; master; religious leader; specialist; (arch.) five-battalion brigade comprising 2500 men (Zhou-dynasty Chinese army)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
flavor; flavour; charm; appeal; experience; taste (e.g. of victory)
eggs; egg; (hen's) egg; (an expert) in the making; beginning; origin
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
skin; hide; rind; peel; shell; sheath
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
tool; means; ingredients (added to soup, rice, etc.); counter for sets of armor, utensils, furniture, etc.
great teacher (i.e. a buddha, bodhisattva or high monk, esp. Kobo Daishi)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend