indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
people; race; nation; ethnic group; ethnos
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to get away without consequences; to get off scot-free
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Lord; Sir; state minister (under the ritsuryo system); (arch.) you (in reference to someone of lower status)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to carry; to transport; to come; to go; to wield (a tool, etc.); to use
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
just like that; quite so; I agree; (lit.) that street
clever; shrewd; crafty; cunning; pretentious; impertinent
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
chance; opportunity; machine; aircraft; counter for aircraft; counter for (remaining) lives
defeat; loss; reverse; setback
orbit; trajectory; railroad track; (right) track; proper course
samurai on horseback; (medieval) knight
two persons; two people; pair; couple
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
south-southwest; south-south-west