indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
descent; fall; drop; passing down (of an order, decree, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
unloading (a ship); landing; disembarkation
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
war; fighting; fierce competition
comprehension; consent; understanding; OK; roger (on two-way radio)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
your Highness; his Highness; her Highness
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
than; from; out of; except; but; more
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
all; whole; entire; complete (set); in total
chance; opportunity; machine; aircraft; counter for aircraft; counter for (remaining) lives
goal; target; aim; mark; sign; landmark
princess; daughter of a nobleman
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
still; yet; more; still more; as ...; like ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
landing; going ashore; disembarkation; making landfall (of a typhoon); striking land; hitting land
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable