area; vicinity; side; edge; circumstances
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
scenery; scene; landscape
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
sharp; harsh; stinging; thorny; snappy
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
metre; meter; meter; gauge
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
giant; great man; Tokyo Giants (baseball team)
sake cup; cup for alcoholic beverages
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
terrific; fierce; terrible; tremendous; dreadful; awful
moisture; humidity; dampness
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
blue; azure; green; pale; gray; unripe
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
to be mixed; to be blended with; to associate with; to mingle with; to join
consequence; outcome; result; blame
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to support; to prop; to sustain; to hold at bay; to stem; to check
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
creeping plant; creeper; vine; liana; liane
predation; eating prey; preying upon