recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
distrust of (other) human beings
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
coincidence; chance; by chance; unexpectedly; contingency
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
drastic treatment; rough-and-ready treatment; drastic remedy; drastic measures; drastic steps
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to be surprised; to be amazed; to be frightened; surprise (e.g. surprise party)
to make (the best) use of; to put to good use; to let live; to keep alive; to revive; to resuscitate
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
ought to do; have to do; must do; feel obliged to
after school (at the end of the day)
to go on a trip; to go out to play; to go and visit (a friend)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
bag; satchel; briefcase; basket
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during