indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
school festival; cultural festival; annual open day school event showcasing student talent
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(large) compilation; culmination (of hard work)
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
pupil; student; schoolchild
in unison; as one; united
president (of a society); chairman
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
outward appearance; looks
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
still; yet; more; still more; furthermore; in addition
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
one's own judgement (judgment); decision made without consulting others; arbitrary decision; dogmatism
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
complete change; reform; restoration; remodeling; remodelling; renewal
festival; feast; harassment by an Internet pitchfork mob; online shaming; galore (as in "goals galore"); frenzy
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to call; to name; to call oneself ...; to go by the name of ...; to purport (to be); to profess
plain; frank; candid; open; direct; straightforward
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
hair style; coiffure; hairdo
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to thrust (something) into (something); to cram; to plunge into; to charge into; to delve into (a matter); to go into depth; to press (someone) about