indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
senior high school student
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
study; diligence; discount; reduction
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
exercise; physical training; appeal; campaign; motion; movement
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
close (e.g. in terms of relationship); intimate
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
hole; opening; pit; hollow; burrow; den; deficit
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
now; the present time; just now; another; more
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information
the way there; outbound leg; bound for ...; outbound ticket
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to be clear (of a sight, sound, colour, etc.); to be bright; to be clear-headed; to be alert; to look upbeat; to be perky; to master (a skill)
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to follow another's example
handsome man; man's looks; good looks; manliness
adds force or indicates command
as usual; as always; as before; as ever; still
sparkle of one's eyes; insight; discernment; penetration
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
whispered conversation; whispering
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of