indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
suffix for familiar person
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
such; like that; that sort of; very
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that