ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
adds force or indicates command
to wake up; to awake; to perk up; to awaken (to the truth, etc.); to come to a realization; to come to one's senses
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
thank you for the meal; that was a delicious meal; what a wonderful meal
presence of other people; (in) public; (in) front of others
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
light (i.e. not heavy); feeling light (i.e. offering little resistance, moving easily); light (i.e. of foot); effortless; non-serious; minor; slight
to eat up (completely); to put down (a rebellion); to suppress; (arch.) to make flat; (arch.) to level out
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
usual; normal; everyday; usually; normally; generally
than; from; out of; except; but; more
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
to feel (as if); to have a feeling (that); to have a hunch (that); to feel like doing; to want to do
go that far; to that extent
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
to be open (to traffic); to lead to; to flow (liquid, current); to pass; to be understood; to be comprehended; to be honored
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
magical powers; supernatural powers; spell; charm
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
to use up; to exhaust; to wear out