armed forces; military; (common) soldier; rank-and-file soldier; underling; ordinary employee
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to collect; to assemble; to gather
from now; from this moment; henceforth
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
departure; leaving; going away; recession
end; close; conclusion; termination
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
therefore; for that reason; such being the case
honorific/polite/humble prefix
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(in) dire straits; (in a) serious bind; (in a) big pinch
frustrated (over a failure, humiliation or injustice); annoyed; chagrined; (bitterly) disappointed; bitter; vexed
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
hostel; dormitory; (arch.) bureau (government department beneath a ministry under the ritsuryō system); (arch.) tea-ceremony room; (arch.) villa
to be crushed; to be squashed; to go bankrupt; to go under; to be ruined (of a plan); to be cancelled; to be lost (of one's voice, eyesight, sense of smell, etc.)
adds light emphasis or insistence to a statement; gives a statement a threatening or condescending tone
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
futility; waste; uselessness; pointlessness; idleness
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
food; foodstuff; eating; appetite; meal; portion
ji (ancient Chinese halberd)
to lose; to be defeated; to give in (to); to yield; to be inferior (to); to be second (to)
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
(compulsory) execution; seizure
beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...
to kick; to refuse; to reject; to stamp (on the ground); to firmly press one's feet (against something)
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh