echo; reverberation; sound (esp. the distinctive sound of an object or activity, e.g. rain, gun, gallop, drum); noise; quality of a sound (e.g. a fine phrase, clear voice, resonant bell); feeling of a sound
festival; feast; harassment by an Internet pitchfork mob; online shaming; galore (as in "goals galore"); frenzy
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
just made; fresh (from the oven); newly-built (house)
hot (e.g. from the oven); steaming (from the pot); fresh; fresh (e.g. out of university); new (e.g. married couple)
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
serious; not joking; straight
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
refreshment booth; refreshment stand; snack bar
article; news story; report; account
to place on (something); to give (someone) a ride; to give a lift; to load (luggage); to carry; to send out (on the airwaves, etc.); to deceive
research division; research club (e.g. at school, university)
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
setting up a stall or booth (bazaar, festival); opening a branch office; opening a store
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
expressly; especially; taking the trouble (to do); intentionally; deliberately
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
quarrel; brawl; fight; squabble; scuffle; argument
to blow upon; to breathe on; to pick (a fight); to force (unreasonable terms); to exaggerate; to overcharge
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...