department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
have to (verb); must (verb); is indispensable; absolutely necessary
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to bend a bow; to shoot an arrow; to rise up against; to rebel against
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
bow (weapon); archery; bow (for a violin, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
until now; so far; up to the present
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
attitude; manner; behaviour; attitude (towards an issue, etc.); position; stance
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
please (give me); please (do for me)
of course; certainly; naturally
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
opposition; resistance; antagonism; reverse; opposite; inverse
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
welcome!; nice to see you!
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention