that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to run; to dash; to gallop (on horseback); to canter; (arch.) to advance (against one's enemy); (arch.) to charge (on horseback)
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to flash (e.g. lightning); to flicker; to flutter (e.g. flag); to wave; to flash into one's mind (e.g. an idea); to come to one suddenly
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
large; big; older; senior; final; ultimate
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
sound of vibrating bowstring
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
bow (weapon); archery; bow (for a violin, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to fire (gun, arrow, questions, etc.); to shoot; to set free; to release; to emit (e.g. light); to give off (e.g. a scent)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
bowstring; string (of a shamisen, etc.); stringed instrument; chord; hypotenuse
beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...
here I am; I'm home!; presently; right away; right now
than; from; out of; except; but; more
group; party; team; organization; organisation; association
championship game; finals (of a tournament); deciding round
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
archery range; archery ground; shooting range; firing range; position where an archer is standing; launch site (e.g. for rockets, missiles, etc.)
paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa); empress tree; foxglove tree
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school