to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
undeserved good luck; luck of the devil; dumb luck; bad luck
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
since when; from when; how long
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
choices; alternatives; options
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
will; volition; intention; intent; determination
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to succeed (a person, to a position, etc.); to inherit; to patch (clothes); to mend; to add (e.g. charcoal to the fire); to replenish with
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
alone; by oneself; on one's own
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to place on (something); to give (someone) a ride; to give a lift; to load (luggage); to carry; to send out (on the airwaves, etc.); to deceive
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
chattering; talk; idle talk; chatty; talkative; chatterbox
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
now (when it is already much too late); at this stage; afresh; anew; again
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)