yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
composition; construction; formation; makeup; structure; organization
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
complex; complicated; intricate; mixed (feelings)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to overdo; to do too much
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
counter for occurrences; a time; an instance; inning (baseball); round; episode; chapter
part; portion; amount; worth (as in "two days' worth"); one's means; one's place; one's duty
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
death; (an) out; death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation; most severe of the five ritsuryō punishments)
memory; recollection; remembrance; memory; storage
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
official; formal; formula (e.g. mathematical); official (social media) account (of a company, organization, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be completed; to be finished; to be ready (e.g. to serve or eat); to be very drunk; to get plastered
research; study; investigation
completion; perfection; accomplishment
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to put to bed; to let sleep; to lay (something) down; to put on its side; to let (money, goods, etc.) lie idle; to set aside unused
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
vitality; (one's) life force
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
disorder; disturbance; unrest
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
(medical) treatment; care; therapy; cure; remedy
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is