indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
warehouse; storehouse; cellar; magazine; granary; godown
house of parliament (congress, diet, etc.); graduate school; postgraduate school; institution (often medical); institutional building; sub-temple; minor temple building
village; hamlet; countryside; country; home (of one's parents, etc.); hometown
hidden treasure; treasured article
pot; jar; dice cup; depression; basin (e.g. of a waterfall); aim; what one wants
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to steal; to plagiarize; to steal (a technique, idea, etc.); to do stealthily; to do during scant time; to steal a base
after that; afterwards; thereafter
police; police officer; police station
surrender (to the authorities); giving oneself up; turning oneself in
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
self-proclaimed; self-professed; professing oneself to be; calling oneself; first person
defense; defence; pleading; advocacy
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take on; to undertake; to take over; to inherit; to guarantee; to vouch for
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
investigation; examination; inquiry; enquiry; survey
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
suffix for familiar person
consent; assent; agreement; understanding; comprehension; grasp
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
just one person; only one
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
so; like this; in this way
popularity; public favor; condition (e.g. market); tone; character
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
I see; that's right; indeed
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to be delighted; to be glad; to congratulate; to gratefully accept