today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
memorial day; commemoration day; anniversary
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
is not ... either; is (neither ...) nor ...; nor is it ...; does not ... either; (neither ...) nor ...; does not even ...
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
by no means; never!; certainly (not); surely (not); something unexpected; emergency
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
to be surprised; to be amazed; to be frightened; surprise (e.g. surprise party)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
party (social gathering); party (group of people participating in an activity, esp. mountain climbing); (political) party
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to help; to assist; to aid; to contribute to; to be a factor in
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
early; a little earlier than usual; a little faster than usual; slightly quicker
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
lovely; wonderful; charming; enchanting; nice; great
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
one cup (of); one glass (of); one drink (of alcohol); full; filled (with); fully; to capacity
paper (in rock-paper-scissors); disappearing completely; coming to nought; foolishness; stupidity
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...