indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
adds force or indicates command
suffix for familiar person
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
cooking; cookery; cuisine; dealing with something; handling; administration
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
honorific/polite/humble prefix
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
selfish; egoist; (arch.) self-indulgent; (arch.) wilful; (arch.) willful