indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
blue (colour, color); sad; down (in the dumps)
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
release; unleashing; liberation; deallocation (of computer memory)
true; real; genuine; proper; utter
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
unhappiness; sorrow; misfortune; death (usu. of a relative); bereavement
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you