indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
devil; demon; Satan; the Devil; Māra; evil spirits or forces that hinder one's path to enlightenment
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
farmland; rice field or paddy
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
space; room; vacancy; opening; free time; time to spare
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
contract; compact; agreement
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to smoke; to breathe in; to suck; to sip; to absorb; to soak up
storey; story; stairs; stage (in chronostratigraphy); counter for storeys and floors of a building
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding