indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
devil; demon; Satan; the Devil; Māra; evil spirits or forces that hinder one's path to enlightenment
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
lesson; section (in an organization); division; counter for lessons and chapters (of a book)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
to get better; to get well; to recover (from an illness); to be cured; to be restored; to heal
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
public safety; public welfare
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
guidance; leadership; instruction; shido (disciplinary action for a minor infringement of the rules of judo)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
Amur silvergrass (Miscanthus sacchariflorus)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle