indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
living by oneself; living alone
fine food; high-quality food; gourmet; epicure; gastronome
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
foot of a mountain; base of a mountain; mine; colliery; owner of a mountain; operator of a mine
understood; I see; OK; present; here
How do you do?; I am glad to meet you
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
spring water; clear (pure) water
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
class (of students); group (of people); party; lot; bunch; crime family; organized-crime syndicate
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to invite; to ask; to beckon; to wave someone in; to call in; to send for
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
adds force or indicates command
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
dull; uninteresting; insignificant; unimportant; absurd; foolish
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
polite; courteous; careful; close; overly courteous; overly careful
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest