indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
rhombus; rhomb; lozenge; diamond shape
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
copy; photocopy; blurb on a book jacket; catch copy
Ebisu; god of fishing and commerce
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
tide; current; sea water; opportunity; chance; thin soup of fish or shellfish boiled in seawater
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
now; the present time; just now; another; more
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
human being; human; person; character (of a person)