indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
rotation (usu. around something); revolution; turning
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
scoring; score; points made; marks obtained; goals; runs
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
jump; jumping event (skiing, track and field); jumping (to another page after clicking a hyperlink); jump (in price); sudden rise
now; the present time; just now; another; more
advantage; benefit; profit; interest
bravery; courage; heroism
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
composition; piece of music; tune; melody; enjoyment; fun
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
mass meeting; convention; tournament; competition; grand event
rank; place (e.g. first place); decimal place; counter for ghosts
triple axel (figure skating)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
passing through (a tunnel, station, town, etc.); passing by (e.g. of a typhoon); passage (of a bill, e.g. through parliament); carriage; passing (an examination, inspection, etc.); clearing
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
prefix for forming ordinal numbers