indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
suffix for familiar person
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
Tsu (city in Mie); harbour; harbor; ferry
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
rotation (usu. around something); revolution; turning
now; the present time; just now; another; more
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
skating (esp. ice); skate; skates
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)