indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
curry (esp. Japanese curry); rice and curry
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
pongee; soft thin cloth woven from raw silk
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
your home; your family; their home; (my) home
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
suffix for familiar person
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
kitchen knife; carving knife; (arch.) cooking; (arch.) food
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
bell pepper; green pepper; pimiento; pimento; capsicum
for use by children; for children
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)