indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
giant; great man; Tokyo Giants (baseball team)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
adds force or indicates command
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
well; properly; best regards; please remember me; just like ...; as though one were ...
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
please (give me); please (do for me)
particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information
person's origin (e.g. city, country, parentage, school)