indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to go to see (something, someone); to visit
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
huh?; um, OK...; hmm; hum
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
Izumi (former province located in the southwest of present-day Osaka Prefecture)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
school inter-class ball-game competition
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
now that; since; so long as; because
expresses a firm view or feeling; please ...; would you ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
injury; wound; mistake; accident; loss
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience