indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
confession; acknowledgement; confession of love; professing one's feelings; confession of sins (e.g. the confessional)
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
childhood friend; friend from infancy; old playmate
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to come near; to let someone approach; to bring near; to bring together; to deliver (opinion, news, etc.); to send (e.g. a letter); to let someone drop by
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
suffix for familiar person
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
to clear up; to clear away; to refresh (e.g. spirits); to be cleared (e.g. of a suspicion); to be dispelled; to be banished
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
fortunate person; lucky fellow; lucky dog
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
club activities; extracurricular activities
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
occasionally; once in a while; now and then; rarely; seldom
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial