indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
abundant harvest; bumper crop
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
strange; weird; wonder; mystery; cleverness; adroitness
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to recommend (someone to do); to advise; to recommend (a book, someone for a position, etc.); to suggest; to offer (a drink, cigarette, seat, etc.)
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
(husked grains of) rice; staple (product, etc.); necessity
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
natural calamity; disaster
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
curse; spell; malediction
what did you just say (to me)?; what's that?
parting; separation; farewell
work (e.g. of art); production; harvest; cultivation; technique
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
adds force or indicates command
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
yo!; hello there!; wow!; oh!; yah! (yell)
splendid; magnificent; utter (esp. defeat); total; (arch.) something worth seeing; (arch.) sight
what do you want?; can I help you?
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
another place; somewhere else; outside (one's family or group); someone else; not caring for; being indifferent to
to serve (in a bowl, on a plate, etc.); to dish out; to pile up; to heap up; to administer (medicine, poison); to dose out; to put into (e.g. information in a report, meaning in a statement)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
every year; yearly; annually
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
to come off; to be removed; to disappear (of pain, a fever, etc.); to be caught; to be harvested; to be interpreted (as); to be taken (as)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to store; to save up; to accumulate (e.g. knowledge); to build up (e.g. experience); to grow (a beard, moustache, etc.); to wear
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity