if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; used for soft emphasis or to soften a statement or request; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
breath; sign (of something new and fresh); breath (of spring, fresh air, etc.); vitality
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
moxa (dried mugwort leaf used in moxibustion); Japanese mugwort (Artemisia princeps)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
don't you think?; indicates question
rule; regulation; settlement; conclusion; habit; custom
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
character (esp. kanji); letter; handwriting; penmanship; the ... word (e.g. "the L word" = "love")
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to stretch; to extend; to straighten out; to be flattened; to spread (of paint, cream, etc.); to stretch out (e.g. of a hand); to extend
(one) letter; (one) character
general; popular; common; typical
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
counter for thin, flat objects (e.g. sheets of paper, plates, coins); counter for portions of gyōza or soba; counter for ranks; counter for wrestlers of a particular rank; counter for fields or rice paddies; counter for palanquin bearers
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
master; expert; Meijin (professional title); Meijin (highest title for male players in competitive karuta)
interview (on television, in a newspaper, etc.)
in this way; like this; this (much); so; uh; er
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
Suō (former province located in the southeast of present-day Yamaguchi Prefecture)
else; in addition; besides
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
distinction; discrimination; distinguishing; discernment
ticket; token; label; tag; sign; card; playing card
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
for example; for instance; e.g.
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
Eurasian magpie (Pica pica); common magpie
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...